Source: Daily News 365

The court’s ruling comes from the matter of Colmenares Carpio v. Holder which concluded that the applicant “must be under twenty-one when he or she seeks to enter the United States, not when his or her subsequent application adjustment of status is finally adjudicated.”

This result contravenes several decisions of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service or USCIS denying applications for adjustment of status based on a K-2 visa because the applicant was twenty-one years of age or older at the time of adjudication of the adjustment of status.

To recap, the K-2 visa holder must be under twenty-one at the time he or she “seeks to enter” the US when applying for adjustment of status.

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• U.S. Immigration Law Presentation (slideshare.net)

The FY 2010 DHS Spending Bill, which passed the Senate on a 79-19 vote on October 27, includes an immigration measure that allows a spouse, child and other family members to receive a green card visa when their priority date is reached, even when the petitioner dies.

FY 2010 DHS Spending Bill puts an end to the “Widow’s Penalty.” According to the New York Times, the Widow’s Penalty is “the government’s practice of annulling foreigners’ applications for permanent residency when their American spouses die before the marriage is two years old.”

According to AILA Info Net, the new law “includes statutory authority for USCIS to complete processing of permanent residence applications for surviving spouses and other relatives of immigration sponsors who die during the adjudication process (section 568).”

In an interview with the Asian Journal, Immigration Attorney Robert Reeves explained that before the signing of the bill, the death of a petitioner or principal benefi ciary usually results in an automatic revocation of the immigrant visa petition.

“This is fantastic news,” said Reeves, whose fi rm has been lobbying Congress to pass this bill. “This is an incredible benefi t for those who have previously fi led humanitarian reinstatement. Now, we can fi le them for permanent resident status. This will benefi t thousands of immigrants.”

The new law does not only allow widows/widowers to submit petitions for permanent residency after their spouse’s death, it also covers all family-based petitions, “including petitions for unmarried children of US citizens under 21, family-preference categories who have approved or pending petitions which include the spouse and unmarried children of permanent residents, unmarried children over the age of 21 of US citizens, married children of US citizens, siblings of US citizens and the derivative children of this group,” says Atty. Reeves and Atty. Joseph Elias in their regular column article in the Asian Journal (see Community Journal section, p.C1 for more information.)

“Derivative beneficiaries of pending or approved employment- based immigrant visa petitions are also covered by the new law which include the spouse and unmarried children under age 21 of an individual who was sponsored under the employment-based category,” the article also stated.

According to Reeves, before the new law was approved, if the petitioner dies before the petition is approved or permanent resident status is granted, the spouse or child would be unable to obtain permanent resident status.

However, the new law does not apply to surviving family members residing outside of the US, added Reeves.

“Unfortunately, if they are not living in the United States right now they would have to file the traditional humanitarian reinstatement which is very difficult,” added Reeves. “The immigration services grants only a very few of them.”

The root of the law began in 1970 when the court ruled that a husband’s death stripped the wife of her position as spouse, meaning she no longer qualified for a green card visa. A 1990 law then narrowed that ruling’s scope, saying a widow married to a US citizen for at least two years can file a petition for a residency permit on her own behalf, according to the Associated Press.

The new law was championed by Rep. Jim McGovern and Sen. Bill Nelso.

[source: Asian Journal]

How is the visa pie dived up?

A quick review of the congressional allocation of employment visa numbers will be helpful for the analysis of these I-485 inventory numbers. Section 201(d)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) allocates an annual minimum of 140,000 visa numbers for employment-based immigrant visas. Although there are 140,000 employment visas available for worldwide usage, each country may not take more than 7% or 25,620 of the annual visa quota.2 Furthermore, each of the five employment visa preference category is subject to the following limits:3

First (Priority Worker): 28.6% of the worldwide quota, or 40,040, plus unused numbers from the fourth and fifth preferences.

Second (Advanced degree professionals or exceptional ability aliens): 28.6% of the worldwide quota, or 40,040, plus unused numbers from first preference.

Third (Skill Workers, Professionals and Other Workers): 28.6% of the worldwide quota, or 40,040, plus any numbers not used by the first and second preferences. “Other Workers” may only receive up to 10,000 of the visa numbers.4

Fourth (Certain Special Immigrants): 7.1% of the worldwide quota or 9,940.

Fifth (Employment Creation): 7.1% of the worldwide quota.

What is the big picture like?

Generally speaking, there are no big surprises regarding the big picture. There are altogether 233,816 I-485 adjustment applications as of August 25, 2009 pending adjudication before the USCIS, of which 4,050 belong to Eb-1, 74,932 to Eb-2, and151,231 to Eb-3. In terms of geographical distribution, 26,170 cases come from China, 111,296 from India, 12,481 from the Philippines, 8,415 from Mexico, and 74,914 from the rest of the world. Visa numbers remind very tight for the most popular preference categories including Eb-2 second preference and Eb-3 third preference. As expected, the countries which have triggered the per-country cap in recent years are suffering a multi-year backlog of visa numbers. These countries – China (Mainland), India, Mexico, and the Philippines – all have their own I-485 inventory tables. While all countries are struggling in the Eb-3 preference category, China and India are also having a huge backlog in the second preference category. The “other countries” are also looking at a multi-year wait in the third preference category, with a dismal priority date of June 1, 2002 in the October 2009 Visa Bulletin.5 The Eb-1 Priority Worker category remains current for all countries.

Putting the numbers in perspective

There are different ways that these inventory numbers can be useful and analyzed. The following are some interesting observations:

These I-485 inventory numbers represent only the immigrant cases that are filed within the U.S. only. The USCIS indicates that about 15% of the immigrant visas are processed through overseas consular processing. Hence, the actual numbers of applicants for an immigrant visa are actually higher.
There are still 6,170 I-485 applications pending from April 2001, plus another 500+ cases from 2000 and the first three months of 2001. Many of these cases were likely filed under or in anticipation of the INA Section 245(i)6 provision. However, the impact of these cases has dissipated over the years. The most current Visa Bulletin shows that only India’s Eb-3 category has a cutoff date in April of 2001.
The notion that Eb-2 cases are faster than their Eb-3 counterparts still holds true for now but may begin to change soon. While all countries are backlogged under Eb-3, all but two countries are current in Eb-2. China and India have respectively 18,365 and 39,972 I-485 applications pending in the Eb-2 category due to visa backlog. (See Illustration 1 below) In fact, China has three times more Eb-2 cases than Eb-3 cases. The worldwide I-485 inventory table with all pending cases7 shows the number of pending Eb-2 cases was trailing Eb-3 until 2008; the year 2008 has 4,235 pending Eb-2 cases vs. 540 pending Eb-3 cases. Similar trend is also present in the India table, where the number of pending Eb-2 cases first surpassed Eb-3 in the year 2005.8
The number of pending “other workers” cases is proportionately low, with only 1,520 pending I-485s worldwide. One can draw the conclusion that the majority of intending (employment-based) immigrants are skilled workers and professionals.

[read the full story at ilw]

About The Author

Paul Szeto, Esq. is a former INS assistant district counsel in New York City. A winner of the AILF’s Edward L. Dubroff Memorial Award for outstanding writing in the field of Immigration and Nationality Law in 1994, Paul is now in private practice in Edison, New Jersey, focusing on Immigration and Nationality Law. Paul Szeto can be reached at info@szetolaw.com.